Kotlin Data Types

 Kotlin Data Types: 

In Kotlin, the type of a variable is decided by its value:

Ex:

val myNum = 5 // Int

val myDoubleNum = 5.99 // Double

val myLetter = 'D' // Char

val myBoolean = true // Boolean

val myText = "Hello" // String

However, you learned from the previous chapter that it is possible to specify the type if you want:

Ex:

val myNum: Int = 5 // Int

val myDoubleNum: Double = 5.99 // Double

val myLetter: Char = 'D' // Char

val myBoolean: Boolean = true // Boolean 

val myText: String = "Hello" // String 

Sometimes you have to specify the type, and often you don't. Anyhow, it is good to know what the different types represent.

You will learn more about when you need to specify the type later.

Data types are divided into different groups:

Numbers
Characters
Booleans
Strings
Arrays

Numbers

Number types are divided into two groups:

Integer types store whole numbers, positive or negative (such as 123 or -456), without decimals. Valid types are Byte, Short, Int and Long.

Floating point types represent numbers with a fractional part, containing one or more decimals. There are two types: Float and Double.

 If you don't specify the type for a numeric variable, it is most often returned as   Int for whole numbers and Double for floating point numbers.

Integer Types

Byte

The Byte data type can store whole numbers from -128 to 127. This can be used instead of Int or other integer types to save memory when you are certain that the value will be within -128 and 127:

Ex:

val myNum: Byte = 100 

println(myNum) 

Short

The Short data type can store whole numbers from -32768 to 32767:

Ex:

val myNum: Short = 5000 

println(myNum) 

Int

The Int data type can store whole numbers from -2147483648 to 2147483647:

println(myNum) 

Long

The Long data type can store whole numbers from -9223372036854775807 to 9223372036854775807. This is used when Int is not large enough to store the value. Optionally, you can end the value with an "L":

Ex:

val myNum: Long = 15000000000L 

println(myNum) 

Difference Between Int and Long

A whole number is an Int as long as it is up to 2147483647. If it goes beyond that, it is defined as Long:

val myNum1 = 2147483647 // Int 

val myNum2 = 2147483648 // Long 

Floating Point Types

Floating point types represent numbers with a decimal, such as 9.99 or 3.14515.

The Float and Double data types can store fractional numbers:

Ex:

val myNum: Float = 5.75F

println(myNum)

Ex:

val myNum: Float = 5.75F 

println(myNum) 

Use Float or Double?

The precision of a floating point value indicates how many digits the value can have after the decimal point. The precision of Float is only six or seven decimal digits, while Double variables have a precision of about 15 digits. Therefore it is safer to use Double for most calculations.

Also note that you should end the value of a Float type with an "F" 

Booleans

The Boolean data type and can only take the values true or false:

Ex:

val isKotlinFun: Boolean = true

val isFishTasty: Boolean = false

println(isKotlinFun)   // Outputs true 

println(isFishTasty) // Outputs false 

Characters

The Char data type is used to store a single character. A char value must be surrounded by single quotes, like 'A' or 'c':

Ex:

val myGrade: Char = 'B' 

println(myGrade)

Unlike Java, you cannot use ASCII values to display certain characters. The value 66 would output a "B" in Java, but will generate an error in Kotlin:

Example

val myLetter: Char = 66

println(myLetter) // Error\

Strings

The String data type is used to store a sequence of characters (text). String values must be surrounded by double quotes:

Ex:

val myText: String = "Hello World"

println(myText)

Arrays

Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value.

Type Conversion

Type conversion is when you convert the value of one data type to another type.

In Kotlin, numeric type conversion is different from Java. For example, it is not possible to convert an Int type to a Long type with the following code:

Ex:

val x: Int = 5

val y: Long = x

println(y) // Error: Type mismatch

To convert a numeric data type to another type, you must use one of the following functions: toByte(), toShort(), toInt(), toLong(), toFloat(), toDouble() or toChar():

Ex:

val x: Int = 5

val y: Long = x.toLong() 

println(y)